Consequently, to our knowledge, there are no up-to-date studies of the incidences of distinct BBD subtypes, and risk factors have not been well established. Moreover, previous studies 1, 2, 9 on BBDs have often been small, inconsistent in their pathological disease classification, and conducted before mammographic screening programs were introduced. 7, 8 However, the exact incidence rates are unexplored. 1 - 6 The etiology and risk of BBDs have not been extensively studied, despite an increasing incidence of BBDs detected by population-based mammographic screening. Better understanding of BBDs is important to improve the understanding of benign and malignant breast diseases.īenign breast diseases (BBDs) are common throughout a woman’s lifetime, from early reproductive life to the postmenopausal part of life, making it a potential health concern to a large number of women. Furthermore, predominantly at premenopausal ages, obesity was associated with reduced risk of several BBDs (eg, EPA: HR, 0.31 95% CI, 0.17-0.56), whereas family history of breast cancer was associated with increased risk (eg, EPA: HR, 2.11 95% CI, 1.48-3.00).Ĭonclusions and Relevance These results suggest that the risk of BBDs varies by subtype, hormonal factors, and family history of breast cancer and is influenced by age.

Current and long (≥8 years) oral contraceptive use was associated with reduced premenopausal risk of fibroadenoma (HR, 0.65 95% CI, 0.47-0.90), whereas hormone replacement therapy was associated with increased postmenopausal risks of epithelial proliferation with atypia (EPA HR, 1.81 95% CI, 1.07-3.07), fibrocystic changes (HR, 1.60 95% CI, 1.03-2.48), and cysts (HR, 1.98 95% CI, 1.40-2.81).

At premenopausal ages, nulliparity (compared with parity ≥3) was associated with reduced risk of epithelial proliferation without atypia (EP HR, 0.62 95% CI, 0.46-0.85) but increased risk of cysts (HR, 1.38 95% CI, 1.03-1.85). Incidence rates and risk estimates varied by age and BBD subtype. Results A total of 61 617 women within the mammographic screening age of 40 to 69 years (median age, 53 years) at recruitment with available questionnaire data were included in the study. Main Outcomes and Measures For each BBD subtype, incidence rates (events per 100 000 person-years) and multivariable Cox proportional hazards ratios (HRs) with time-varying covariates were estimated between the ages of 25 and 69 years. Analyses were conducted from January 1 to July 31, 2020.Įxposures Hormonal risk factors and family history of breast cancer. Pathology medical records on breast biopsies were obtained for the participants, and BBD subtypes were classified according to the latest European guidelines. All participants had complete follow-up through high-quality Swedish national registers until December 31, 2015.

Participants took part in a comprehensive questionnaire on recruitment. Objective To investigate the risk of BBDs by age, hormonal factors, and family history of breast cancer.ĭesign, Setting, and Participants This retrospective cohort study assessed 70 877 women from the population-based Karolinska Mammography Project for Risk Prediction of Breast Cancer (KARMA) who attended mammographic screening or underwent clinical mammography from January 1, 2011, to March 31, 2013, at 4 Swedish hospitals.

Importance Benign breast diseases (BBDs) are common and associated with breast cancer risk, yet the etiology and risk of BBDs have not been extensively studied. Shared Decision Making and Communication.Scientific Discovery and the Future of Medicine.Health Care Economics, Insurance, Payment.Clinical Implications of Basic Neuroscience.Challenges in Clinical Electrocardiography.

Fibrocystic breast changes ncbi